Asylum
PhfOnd ;DjlGw cd]l/sL sfg[gL Joj:yf
ljgf]b /f]sf, P6{gL P6 n, Go[of]{s
cfkm\gf] b]z aflx/ t/ xfn cd]l/sfdf al;/x]sf JolStn] cfkm\gf] :jO{R5fn] jf k|lt/Iffsf] nflu PhfO{ndsf] lgj]bg ug{ ;S5g. cd]l/sfdf k|j]z ul/;s]sf JolQmn] cfkmgf] :jOR5fn] PhfOndsf nflu lgj]bg ug[{kbf{ O{ldu|]zgsf] If]lqo sfof{no ;dIf I-589 lgj]bgdf dfu] adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f e/L k7fpg[ kb{5. t/ JolQmnfO{ Oldu|]zgn] ks|fp u/L jf gu/L b]zlgsfnfsf nflu Oldu|]zg sf]6{ ;dIf sfjf{xL rnfPsf] cj:yfdf eg] To:tf JolQmn] To;} cbfnt sf] Gofoflwz ;dIf cd]l/sL O{ldu|]zg sfg[g cg[;f/ Asylum/withholding, tyf UN sf] Convention Against Torture cGt{ut withholding, sf] nflu cg[/f]w ug{ ;Sb5.
cfwf/=
cd]l/sfsf] cWofudg ;DjlGw sf[g[gn] PhfO{ndsf] nflu ;j{k|yd To:tf] JolQmn] cfk[m Refugee, z/0ffyL{, ePsf] k|dfl0ft ug[{[ kb{5.
Refugee,z/0ffyL, sf] kl/efiff= }Refugee eGgfn] To:tf JolQmnfO{ hgfpb5 hf] cfk[m gful/s ePsf] /fi6|\af6 aflx/ 5g jf h[g JolQmsf] cfkm\gf] /fli6|\otf g} 5}g. cyf{t csf]{ zJbdf eGg] xf] eg] To:tf JolQm xfn cd]l/sfdf 5g / cfk[m gful/s ePsf] b]z jf cd]l/sf cfpg[ eGbf cuf8L a;f]jf; ul//x]sf] b]zdf kms]{/ hfg O{R5[s 5}gg jf c;dy{ 5g. To:sf] d[n sf/0f s] x[g[ k5{ eg] pgLx? lautdf Tof] b]zdf To; b]zsf] ;/sf/ jf ;/sf/n] lgoGq0f ug{ g;s]sf] ;d[x jf JolQmaf6 hft, wd{, /fli6|\otf, s[g} lglZrt ;fdfhLs ;d[x, h:tf] z]gf jf k|x/Lsf kl/jf/, kqsf/, dfgjflwsf sdL{, /fhlglts kf6L{ jf cGo ;d[x hf] :ki6 ?kaf6 lrlgg ;lsG5, sf] ;b:otf jf /fhg}lts larf/wf/fsf] cfwf/df oftgf kfPsf] / eljiodf klg To:tf oftgf lbO{g] jf kfpg] k|an ;Defjgf well founded fear }/x]sf] JolQmnfO{ hgfpb5. oftgf eGgfn] ;fdfGotof JolQmsf] hLjg / :jtGqtf dflysf] threat, x:tIf]k eGg] a[ldmG5. t/ k};f dfUbf glbPsf] sf/0faf6 kfPsf] oftgf, anhkmtL ljb|f]xLx?n] cfkmgf] militia df egf{ x[gsf nflu cg[/f]w ubf{ gdfg]sf] sf/0fn] ckx/0f ul/ nu]sf] cfwf/ oftgf leq gkg]{ cj:yf /xG5. To;}n] kfPsf] oftgf k|ToIf direct tyf ck|ToIf imputed ?kn] dfly n]lvPsf s[g} Ps cfwf/df ;Dj4 /x]sf] x[g[kb{5.
Well founded fear oftgf kfO{g] k|an ;Defjgf=
oftgf kfO{g] k|an ;Defjgf s;/L k|dfl0ft ug{[ k5{ Tof] cd]ll/sL O{ldu|]zg sfg[gn] :ki6 u/]sf] kfO{G5. h; cg[;f/ PhfO{d ug]{ Joltmn] lrQ a[dm\bf] lsl;daf6 k|dfl0ft ug[{ k5{ ls ;fdfGotof Tof] b]zdf oftgf kfpg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5. o:tf] oftgf kfO{g] ;Defjgf !)) df %) k|ltzteGbf sd ePklg x[G5 t/ dfl/O{g] hf]lvd, oftgf, 6r{/, jf cGo o:t} lsl;dsf oftgfsf xsdf eg] !) k|ltzt;Ddsf] ;Defjgf b]lvP klg k[U5. o:tf] ;Defljttf JolQmsf] dfgf]ut subjective component / a:t[ut cfwf/ objective component af6 k|b{zLt ePsf] x[g[ kb{5. dgf]ut cfwf/ eGgfn] JolQmn] cfkmgf\] df:tisdf ;fRr} g} b]z kms]{/ hfg 8/ /x]sf] 5 eGg] b]vfpg ;Sg[ k5{. a:t[ut cfwf/ eGgfn] JolQmn] o;nfO{ ;j[b k|df0f jf aofgaf6 o;/L k|dfl0ft ug[{ k5{ ls h:nfO{ d[Nof+sg ubf{ Pp6f ;fdfGo ;[dma[dm ePsf] JolQmn] reasonable person klg o:tf] kl/l:ytLdf p:n] klg 8/ jf eosf] cg[ej ug{ ;sf];.
PhfO{nd ;DajlGw e} /x]sf] sf[g[gL Joj:yfdf @))% df cfPsf] Real ID Act n] s]xL z+;f]wg u/]sf] 5. h:n] PhfO{nd ug]{ JolQmdf cdm a9L tyo\ k|dfl0ft ug[{ kg]{ yk bfloTj yk]sf] 5. h; cg[;f/ d] !!, @))% jf To;eGbf k5f8L btf{ u/fO{Psf PhfOnd ;DjlGw lgj]bgsf lgj]bsn] lat]sf ;dodf cfk[m pk/ ;/sf/ jf ;/sf/n] klg lgoGq0f ug{ g;s]sf] ;d[xaf6 cfk[mn] kfPsf] oftgf / eljiodf x[g ;Sg] oftgf hft, wd{, /fli6|\otf, /fhg}lts larf/wf/f tyf lglZrt jf lrlgg ;lsg] ;fdflhs ;d[xsf] ;b:t ePsf] cfwf/ dWo] s[g} Ps jf ;a}df hf]l8Psf], nexus, 5 elg k|dfl0ft ug[{k5{. ;fdfhLs ;d[xsf] ;b:o eGgfn] ;fdfGotof ;]gf jf k|x/L ;]jfdf sfd ul/;s]sf JolSt jf ltgsf kl/jf/sf ;b:o, snfsf/, /fhg}lts, dfgjflwsf/jfbL, kqsf/, kfl/afl/s lrgf/Lsf] cfwf/df oftgf kfPsf] JolSt jf cGo o:t} lrlgg ;lsg] ;d[xsf] ;b:o eGg] a[ldmG5.
PhfO{nd dfu ug{ gkfpg] JolQmx?=
sf[g[gn] ;fdfGotf PhfOnd gkfpg] JolQmx? lgDgfg[;f/ tf]s]sf] kfO{G5. To;}n] dfly n]lvPsf PhfO{ndsf] cfwf/ x[b}df PhfOnd kfOG5 g} eGg] 5}g.
h:n] c?nfO{ oftgf lbPsf] 5. h[g JolQm cGo d[n[sdf Jojl:yt ?kn] a;f]jf; u5{. h:n] lbPsf] PhfO{nd sf] lgj]bg klxn] g} cl:js[t e} ;s]sf] 5 / ckl/l:yltdf s[g} kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5}g.h:n] cd]l/sf cfPsf] ! jif{ leq PhfO{ndsf] lgj]bg u/]sf] 5}g. t/ c;fwf/0f kl/l:ylt / b]zsf] kl/jlt{t cj:yf h:tf sf/0f b]vfpg ;s]df ! jif{ kl5 klg lgj]bg lbg ;lsG5. h[g JolQm :jefj}n] cd]l/sfsf] ;[/Iffsf] nflu vt/f dflgG5. h:n] kmf}Hbf/L ck/fw, aggravated felony u/]sf] 5 h:df ! jif{ dflysf] h]n ;hfo x[g;S5. / cd]l/sfsf] ;[/Iffsf] nflu vt/f elg lrlgPsf] JolQm. To:t} cd/LsL ;/sf/n] cft+sjfbLsf] ;[lrdf /fv]sf] ;d[x ,h:tf]] ls dfcf]jfbL, nfO{ 8/wDsL jf hLp hf]ufpgsf nflu g} ePklg cfly{s nufotsf cGo s[g} klg ;xof]u k|bfg u/]sf] b]lvPdf z/0f gkfpg] aft nfUb5.
PhfO{ndsf] lgj]bg lbg] Dofb=
cd]l/sf k|j]z u/]sf] ! jif{ leq PhfOndsf] lgj]bg ul/ ;Sg[k5{. olb ! jif{sf] ;do kl5 lgj]bg lbOG5 eg] lgj]bg lbg] JolQmn] :ki6 ?kn] lrQ a[dm\g] k|df0fsf] cfwf/df k|dfl0ft ug[{ k5{ ls l9nf x[g[sf] sf/0f b]zdf ev{/} ePsf] kl/jt{g tyf cd]l/sL sf[gdf ePsf] z+;f]wg xf]. tyflk o:tf] cj:yfdf kl/ l9nf] PhfOndsf] lgj]bg ug[{kbf{ klg w]/} l9nf] eg] ug[{ x[b}g. To:t} sfa[ eGbf aflx/sf]] sf/0fn] c;fdfGo kl/l:ytLsf] ;[hgf kl/ ! jif{ sf] ;do leq PhfO{ndsf] lgj]bg lbg g;s]sf] cj:yf k|dfl0ft ug{ ;s]df ! jif{ l9nf] eP klg Ifdf x[g ;Sb5. o:tf] cj:yf eg]sf] ;fdfGotf= g/fd|f] ;+u lj/fdL kg[{, gfjfnskg, c;Ifd P6{gLsf] sfg[gL ;Nnfx cflb kb{5g.
UN sf] Convention Against Torture cGt{ut withholding, sf] lgj]bg eg] hlxn] klg cyf{t ! jif{ kl5 klg lbg ;lsG5 t/ o; cGt{utsf] dfubfaL ug]{ JolQmn] :ki6 ?kn] lrQ a[dmbf] ?kaf6 k|dfl0ft ug[{ k5{ ls p kmls{P/ cfkm\gf] b]z jf cfk[mn] cd]l/sf cfpg[ eGbf cuf8L 5f8]sf] b]zdf hfbf Toxfsf] ;/sf/ jf ;/sf/;+u ;/f]sf/ ePsf] JolQm jf ;+:yfaf6 oftgf kfpg] k|jn ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5.
PhfOnd kfPsf] JolQmn] ! jif{ leq u|Lgsf8{sf] lgj]bg ug{ kfp5 / cfkmgf\] >Ldfg. >LdtL tyf @! jif{ d[gLsf ;Gtfg Nofpg ;S5 t/ UN sf] Convention Against Torture cGt{ut withholding, sf] ;[ljwf kfPsf] JolQmn] eg] oL ;[ljwf kfpg ;Sb}g.
PhfOnd k|bfg ul/bf clglZrtsfn;Ddsf nflu k|bfg ul/G5 tyflk h[g kl/l:ytL / sf/0fsf] cfwf/df PhfOnd lbOPsf] xf] Tof] cj:yf kmls{P/ hfg[kg]{ b]zdf ljBdfg g/x]df ab/ x[g klg ;Sb5.
d[m7[f] Joxf]/fsf] cfwf/df PhfOndsf] ;[ljwf lng lgj]bg lbg jf To:sf] nflu cfwf/ k|df0f h[6fpg x[b}g. olb o;f] u/]sf] kfOPdf PhfO{nd dfu ug]{ JolQm jf ;f] sfo{df ;3fpg] JolQm ck/flw 7xl/g] / o:tf JolQmn] hLjge/ cd]l/sL ;/sf/af6 O{ldu|]zg sfg[g cg[;f/ lbO{g] u|Lgsf8{ nufotsf s[g} klg ;[ljwf kfpg cof]Uo 7xl/G5.
PhfO{nd kfP/ cd]l/sfdf Psaif{ a;f]af; ul/;s]sf] PhfOnLn] lu|gsf8{sf] nflu lgj]bg lbg[kb{5.To:t} PhfO{nd kfpbfsf] ca:yfdf j}jflxs ;DjGw sfod e} ;s]sf] bDktL / @! aif{ ggf3]sf cljjflxtf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] nflu klg PhfOnd kfPsf] @ aif{ leq lgj]bg lbg[kb{5. PhfO{d kfPs} cfwf/df lu|gsf8{ klg kfO{G5 eGg] 5}g lsgls lu|gsf8{ lbg[[eGbf cuf8L cdm} JolQm PhfO{nLsf] kl/efiff leq k5{ jf kb}{g< p cd]/Lsfsf] ;[/Iffsf] nflu vt/f dflgg] lsl;dsf] aft nfu]/ (ground of inadmissibility) k|a]z ug{af6 k|ltafGwt 5 jf 5}g eGg] s[/fsf] hfra[dm ul/G5. sltko PhfO{nLx?n] cfkmgf] lu|gsf8{sf] nflu lbPsf] lga]bg jf kl/af/sf] nflu lbPsf] lgj]bgdf nfdf] ;do;Dd klg lg0f{o gePsf] sf/0f pgLx?sf] lga]bg ;]So[l/6Lxf]N8df /x]sf] klg x[g ;Sb5.
)k|:t[t n]vdf PhfOnd ;DjlGw cd]l/sL sfg[gL Joj:yfsf] af/]df ;fdfGo hfgsf/L u/fpg] ;Ddsf] Wo]o /flvPsf] 5. t;y{ PhfOndsf] lgj]bg ug[{kbf{ P6{gLsf] ;Nnfx lnO{ ug[{ plrt x[G5. s;}n] o;} n]vsf] cfwf/df PhfOndsf] lgj]bg u/]df To:sf] hjfkmb]xL n]vs x[g]5}g.=
tkfO{sf] s[g} sfg[gL ;d:of eP lgz[Ns sfg[gL ;Nnfxsf] nflu /f]sfnfO{ jxfsf] sfof{nosf] kmf]g &!* ^)^ (&## jf binodlawnyc@gmail.com,/ www.binodlaw.comdf ;Dks{ /fVg ;lsg] 5 jf